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Nine sons of the dragon
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Nine sons of the dragon : ウィキペディア英語版
Nine sons of the dragon

The nine sons of the dragon are Chinese dragons who are the mythological sons of the Dragon King. There are many variations in the different descriptions of the nine sons, including in basic facts like their names, but all versions state that there are nine.
== History ==
The oldest known attestation of the children of the dragon list is found in the ''Shuyuan Zaji'' (椒园杂记, ''Miscellaneous records from the bean garden'') by Lu Rong (1436–1494); however, he noted that the list enumerates mere synonyms of various antiques, not children of a dragon.〔(九、龙的繁衍与附会——龙生九子 (1) ) ("Chapter 9, Dragon's derived and associated creatures: Nine children of the dragon (1)"), in Yang Jingrong and Liu Zhixiong (2008). The full text of ''Shuyuan Zaji'', from which Yang and Liu quote, is available in electronic format at a number of sites, e.g. here: ( 菽園雜記 )〕
Several Ming Dynasty texts list what were claimed as the Nine Offspring of the Dragon (龍生九子), and subsequently these feature prominently in popular Chinese stories and writings. The scholar Xie Zhaozhe (謝肇淛, 1567–1624) in his work ''Wu Za Zu'' (五雜俎, ca. 1592) gives the following listing in order of oldest to youngest, as translated by M.W. de Visser in 1913:〔. The primary source is Wu Za Zu, chapter 9, beginning with "龍生九子...". The title of Xie Zhaozhe's work, ''Wu Za Zu'', has been variously translated into English as ''Five Assorted Offerings'' (in (Xie Zhaozhe )), ''Five Sundry Bands'' (in "(Disease and Its Impact on Politics, Diplomacy, and the Military ... )")
or ''Five Miscellanies'' (in (Changing clothes in China: fashion, history, nation ), p. 48).〕
A well-known work of the end of the sixteenth century, the ''Wuzazu'' 五雜俎, informs us about the nine different young of the dragon, whose shapes are used as ornaments according to their nature.
*The (囚牛 ), (Hybrid of cow and dragon) a creature which likes music, are used to adorn musical instruments.
*The (睚眦/睚眥 ), (Hybrid of wolf and dragon) a creature likes to fight, is aggressive and is normally found on cross-guards on sword as ornaments.
*The (嘲風 ), (Hybrid of goat and dragon) a creature which likes to climb and eat. They are typically placed on the four corners of roofs.
*The (HREF="http://www.kotoba.ne.jp/word/11/pulao (dragon)" TITLE="pulao (dragon)">pulao'' 蒲牢 ), (Hybrid of dog & dragon) a creature which likes to scream, and are represented on the tops of bells, used as handles.
*The (狻猊 ), (Hybrid of lion and dragon) a creature which likes to sit down, are represented upon the bases of Buddhist idols (under the Buddhas' or Bodhisattvas' feet).
*The (HREF="http://www.kotoba.ne.jp/word/11/Bixi (mythology)" TITLE="Bixi (mythology)">bixi'' 贔屭 ), (Hybrid of turtle and dragon) a creature with a large shell able to carry heavy objects, and are normally found on tombstones.
*The (狴犴 ), (Hybrid of tiger and dragon) a creature which likes litigation, are placed over prison gates (in order to keep guard).
*The (霸下 ), (Hybrid of snake and dragon) a creature likes to drink water, and is typically used on bridge structures.
*The (HREF="http://www.kotoba.ne.jp/word/11/chiwen" TITLE="chiwen">chiwen'' 螭吻/鴟吻 ), (Hybrid of fish and dragon) a creature which likes swallowing, are placed on both ends of the ridgepoles of roofs (to swallow all evil influences).
Further, the same author enumerates nine other kinds of dragons, which used as ornamental decoration or as part of classical Chinese architecture. These examples can be found architecture throughout Asia used for adorning key-holes, on roofing, incense burners, door knockers, bridges, etc.

The ''Sheng'an waiji'' (升庵外集) collection by the poet Yang Shen (楊慎, 1488–1559) gives different 5th and 9th names for the dragon's nine children: the ''taotie'' (饕餮), which loves to eat and is found on food-related wares, and the ''jiaotu'' (椒圖), which looks like a conch or clam, does not like to be disturbed, and is used on the front door or the doorstep. Yang's list is ''bixi'', ''chiwen'' or ''cháofēng'', ''pulao'', ''bi'an'', ''taotie'', ''qiuniu'', ''yazi'', ''suanni'', and ''jiaotu''.

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